The Elementary And Secondary Education Act And The No...

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) was enacted into law on December 10, 2015 by former President Barack Obama. This law replaced the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 that President George W. Bush passed into law during his presidency. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) replaced the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 which was passed by Lyndon Johnson. The ESSA â€Å"reauthorizes the 50-year-old Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), the nation’s national education law and longstanding commitment to equal opportunity for all students† (Department of Education, 2016). The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 as introduced as part of President Johnson’s War of Poverty Social Welfare program. Between 1965 and†¦show more content†¦The law was scheduled for revision in 2007, and, over time, NCLB’s prescriptive requirements became increasingly unworkable for schools and educators. Recognizing this fact, in 2010, the Obama administration joined a call from educators and families to create a better law that focused on the clear goal of fully preparing all students for success in college and careers† (Department of Education, 2016). In 2007, NCLB act was due for review and reauthorization but due to lack of cooperation among representatives, the bill was not addressed then. During the Obama Administration, states were reviewed and it was discovered that though the NCLB was a good start many states were failing to meet the standards put forth by the act. The Obama administration thus issued waivers to states so that they could reach out to the schools that though were not meeting the standards they showed overall success and positive outcomes (Education Week,2016). These waivers were mention as a way to assist these at-risk schools with achieving the standards. To receive the waiver, many schools were forced to restructure their academic standards in conjuncture with standards such as the Common Core (Education Week, 2016). The Common Core has been a very controversial topic in schools and its effectiveness/credibility. The NCLB along with the ESSA were met with resistance from parents due to theseShow MoreRelatedElementary Secondary Education Act Of 1965 And Its Versions No Child Left Behind Act1488 Words   |  6 PagesEducation is valued as one of the most important aspects of socio-economic group mobilization and social elevation in the United States. Operating under a human capital ideology education in the U.S. is a means to provide education to individuals in an effort for continued economic advancement for our nation. However, as times change education fails to completely change with it. Secondary education is no longer seen as a means to earning financial stability. Primary education encompasses complexityRead MoreEducation Revolution: Why the No Child Left Behind Act Didnt Work1695 Words   |  7 PagesEducation is the foundation of American society. It empowers the youth of America to become the successful leaders this country needs for the future. Education has been one of Americaâ₠¬â„¢s top priorities since 1965, when the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed. Now, education is controlled by the No Child Left Behind Act, which was launched in January 8, 2002. This act was passed with intentions from the government to provide Americans with a more superior education system. HoweverRead MoreThe Importance of Improving Public Education Essay examples1453 Words   |  6 Pagesspecifically the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act.† The No Child Left Behind Act was not the first law passed to affect the nation’s educational systems, nor will it be the last. There have been several problems laid out with the various educational systems put into place, and there are many things we could do today to better our educational systems in the future. Before President Bush’s No Child Left Behind Act went into place there was the â€Å"Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.† However,Read MoreNo Child Left Behind1538 Words   |  7 PagesWe all have heard the key to success is education. However, in the United States, that key to success is far fetched. America as a whole needs many improvements. While America will never be a perfect society as I dream, America needs to take a step forward to improving the country for all. A better education system will be a step toward improving the United States. The education system in America continues to fail our children and falls behind compared to other countries. Children today are tomorrow’sRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Of 20011403 Words   |  6 Pagesfair number of interesting topics in this Political Science 2 class session of the Fall 2016 semester. A few that stood out to me, personally, were the topics of laissez-faire economics, separate-but-equal issues, and the viewpoints of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. From the tenth edition of the course book We the People, Texas Ed. by Benjamin Ginsberg and Unit 2 of the lecture; a policy developed by the efforts of the late philosopher and economist, Adam Smith, laissez-faire economics essentiallyRead MoreEffectiveness Of The No Child Left Behind Act Of 2001 ( Nclb )1613 Words   |  7 Pagesthe No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). The NCLB Act of 2001 was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) (www.newamerica.org). The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was a Great Society program that allocated federal funds for education and looked to hold schools accountable (www2.ed.gov). The NCLB Act of 2001 was passed through Congress in 2001 with bipartisan support and greatly increased the Federal Government’s role in the education systemRead MoreThe Reauthorization Of The Elementary And Secondary Education Act948 Words   |  4 Pages Every Student Succeeds Act was a new law that was signed into legislation in 2015 by President Barak Obama. ESSA is a biparty educational reform law was designed from several aspects of No Child Left Behind. The United States Department of Education (2015) stated that ESSA focuses on factors such as, advancing equity for the nations disadvantaged students by investing more in preschool programs, local innovations, reporting student progress on all high stakes assessmentsRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pages1. Definition of the Policy The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) signed into law by President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002, is a comprehensive overhaul of the federal governments requirements of state and local education systems (www.nclb.gov). It reauthorizes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and replaces the 1994 Improving Americas Schools Act. 2. General Background Information President Bush has made education his number one domestic priority (www.ed.gov). OnRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Of 2001 ( Nclb )1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) is a United States Act of Congress that is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which included Title I, the government s flagship aid program for disadvantaged students. No Child Left behind was enacted with the intent to become a government aid program for disadvantaged students, and eventually raise the general education standards for the United States. This act was created with the idea to â€Å"close the achievement gap withRead MoreEducation Is A Central Need Of All People Around Over The World1543 Words   |  7 PagesEducation considers as a central need of all people around over the world. All children have the whole right to learn. According to Aske, Connolly, Corman, (2012), â€Å"all children in the United States have the right to a pub licly supported education regardless of race, social class or religious beliefs is an American value.† The important point that we should take care of in the rights of education do not look at students’ social levels, race, and religions. Therefore, early reformers attempted and

The United States Healthcare System - 1736 Words

Unit 9 Assignment The United States’ healthcare system is not easy to define. It is a complex, decentralized, market-based system with multiple stakeholders. In this paper we will try our best to discuss the organization, financing, and delivery of the American healthcare system, as well as identify respective flaws. We will conclude this paper with a discussion on potential solutions to the flaws we have identified. Organization The American healthcare system is a complex, market-based system that operates in a non-integrated manner. As with any market-based healthcare system, products and services are offered to consumers for a set price, in accordance with state and/or federal laws (Sadeghi, Barzi, Mikhail, Shabot, 2013). Major†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Payers—As we have already stated, the American healthcare system is market-based. Therefore, the American healthcare system involves multiple payers from the public and private sectors, as well as the consumer themselves. Public sector payments are either covered by the public payers such as the federal, state, and local governments, such as Medicare and Medicaid, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and the Department of Defense (DOD). Private payers are for-profit entities such as private insurers and businesses. Last, consumers not covered by public and private insurance pay for products and services out of pocket (Sadeghi, et al., 2013). †¢ Advocacy Organizations—Advocacy organizations in the health sector primarily consist of professional groups and organizations such as the American Public Health Association and American Medical Association, with a shared interests in influencing both public opinion and/or public policy (Sadeghi, et al., 2013). †¢ Providers—As the name implies, providers are individuals and organizations that provide a service to the consumer. These services include hospital care, surgery, medical imaging, laboratory tests, etc. †¢ Suppliers—Suppliers consist of for-profit entities such as pharmaceutical companies and medical equipment companies (Sadeghi, et al., 2013). †¢ Consumers—Consumers consist of individuals who utilize products and services

Precipitate Definition and Example in Chemistry

In chemistry, to precipitate is  to form an insoluble compound either by reacting two salts or by changing the temperature to affect the solubility of the compound. Also,​ the name given to the solid that is formed as a result of a precipitation reaction. Precipitation may indicate a chemical reaction has occurred, but it may also occur if solute concentration exceeds its solubility. Precipitation is preceded by an event called nucleation, which is when small insoluble particles aggregate with each other or else form an interface with a surface, such as the wall of a container or a seed crystal. Key Takeaways: Precipitate Definition in Chemistry In chemistry, precipitate is both a verb and a noun.To precipitate is to form an insoluble compound, either by decreasing the solubility of a compound or by reacting two salt solutions.The solid that forms via a precipitation reaction is called the precipitate.Precipitation reactions serve important functions. They are used for purification, removing or recovering salts, for making pigments, and to identify substances in qualitative analysis. Precipitate vs Precipitant The terminology can seem a bit confusing. Heres how it works: Forming a solid from a solution is called precipitation. A chemical that causes a solid to form in a liquid solution is called a precipitant. The solid is called the precipitate. If the particle size of the insoluble compound is very small or there is insufficient gravity to draw the solid to the bottom of the container, the precipitate may be evenly distributed throughout the liquid, forming a suspension. Sedimentation refers to any procedure that separates the precipitate from the liquid portion of the solution, which is called the supernate. A common sedimentation technique is centrifugation. Once the precipitate has been recovered, the resulting powder may ​be  called a flower. Precipitation Example Mixing silver nitrate and sodium chloride in water will cause silver chloride to precipitate out of solution as a solid. In this example, the precipitate is silver chloride. When writing a chemical reaction, the presence of a precipitate may be indicated by following the chemical formula with a down arrow: Ag Cl- → AgCl↓ Uses of Precipitates Precipitates may be used to identify the cation or anion in a salt as part of qualitative analysis. Transition metals, in particular, are known to form different colors of precipitates depending on their elemental identity and oxidation state. Precipitation reactions are used to remove salts from water, to isolate products, and to prepare pigments. Under controlled conditions, a precipitation reaction produces pure crystals of precipitate. In metallurgy, precipitation is used to strengthen alloys. How to Recover a Precipitate There are several methods used to recover a precipitate: Filtration: In filtration, the solution containing the precipitate is poured over a filter. Ideally, the precipitate remains on the filter, while the liquid passes through it. The container may be rinsed and poured onto the filter to aid recovery. There is always some loss, either through dissolution into the liquid, passing through the filter, or adhesion to the filter media. Centrifugation: In centrifugation, the solution is rapidly rotated. For the technique to work, the solid precipitate must be more dense than the liquid. The compacted precipitate, called the pellet, may be obtained by pouring off the liquid. There is typically less loss than with filtration. Centrifugation works well with small sample sizes. Decantation: In decantation, the liquid layer is poured or suctioned away from the precipitate. In some cases, an additional solvent is added to separate the solution from the precipitate. Decantation may be used with the entire solution or following centrifugation. Precipitate Aging A process called precipitate aging or digestion occurs when a fresh precipitate is allowed to remain in its solution. Typically the temperature of the solution is increased. Digestion can produce larger particles with a higher purity. The process that leads to this result is known as Ostwald ripening. Sources Adler, Alan D.; Longo, Frederick R.; Kampas, Frank; Kim, Jean (1970). On the preparation of metalloporphyrins. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 32 (7): 2443. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(70)80535-8Dhara, S. (2007). Formation, Dynamics, and Characterization of Nanostructures by Ion Beam Irradiation. Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences. 32 (1): 1-50. doi:10.1080/10408430601187624Zumdahl, Steven S. (2005). Chemical Principles (5th ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-37206-7.

Teenage Pregnancy During U.s. And U.k - 986 Words

Teenage Pregnancy in U.S. and U.K. Unplanned teenage pregnancy has been a problem in the U.S. and U.K. for many years. While both countries have taken measures to prevent this, it is still an issue. Gerard Lemos, author of Give Parents an Incentive, discusses how the U.K. government has been attempting to reduce the rates of teenage pregnancy. Lemos writes about the problems that teenagers face when they have children so young. One of the main issues brought up is the fact that young parents do not have an incentive to succeed. They are not being encouraged to beat the stereotype placed on teenage parents. He feels that the U.K. government and organizations need to do more to help those who are young parents. In Preventing Teen †¦show more content†¦If the providers are not aware of the changes, they will not be able to provide young adults all information. It is important to analyze the efforts being put into stopping this issue in both the U.S. and the U.K. to see what efforts are more effective. While both countries have resolved to lower the rates, both are still seeing rises. It is necessary to see if any measures seemed to have previously worked and if so, to see if either country is still practicing them. By comparing the rates of teen pregnancy in both countries, the preventative measures that need to be taken can be more clearly understood. Give Parents An Incentive. By Gerard Lemos provides important information about the issue of teenage pregnancy in the U.K. Lemos focuses on the important issue of educating young people about teenage pregnancy and giving them more reasons to want to do well. He says that many children do not fully understand the risks and the methods of preventing teenage pregnancy. The article also focuses greatly on the fact that more efforts need to go into helping young families. Since many people are still getting pregnant so young, there needs to be better support for them. While Lemos does propose different ideas of how to fix this issue, most of these ideas do not have any sources to support them. This could be a problem because it is not clear if these ideas are necessarily credible. Sarah Brown in Preventing Teen Unplanned Pregnancy

Monologue for Aunt Reed on her deathbed Free Essays

How dare she turn up? This is my house. My house! She just appears as though nothing had happened. Out of pity perhaps. We will write a custom essay sample on Monologue for Aunt Reed on her deathbed or any similar topic only for you Order Now Maybe out of guilt. The return to Gateshead Hall can only be out of pity. It is the only logical reason. Why else would she return to me? She is mocking me. I cannot stand for this. I must get rid of her. I cannot let Jane see me like this. I am weak and she is strong. Yet I am still the ruler of this house. I ought to send her to the Red Room. She has not contacted me for several years and turns up as I am lying on my deathbed. It is a mockery. She wants to see me die and suffer. I do not feel guilty for what I did to her when she was younger and why should I? I should only feel guilty for the death of my beloved son John. Maybe I should call for Eliza or Georgiana to remove my husband’s niece from the premises. I want nothing to do with Jane. And surely she is only here to confirm my death and try to stake a claim in the Gateshead Hall! Jane Eyre is a money grabber. She only wants the inheritance. But I will leave it all to Eliza and Georgiana. Jane Eyre is devious. She can barely remember my face and features. She wants to see a familiar figure but she is not welcome here. It is a happy feature that time quells the longings of vengeance and hushes the promptings of rage and aversion. She had left me in bitterness and hatred, and she came back to her now with no other emotion other than pity for her great sufferings, and a strong yearning to forget and forgive all injuries – to be reconciled and clasp hands in amity. My stern eyes can not be taken of that cunning woman, Jane Eyre. I closely watch her movements as she tries to engage in conversation with me. I want nothing to do with it. She must hate me after I used to lock her in the Red Room which she is terrified of. Then maybe she has come to pay her respects to me and just to see me one last time, before I have gone away to a better place, where we rich and religious people go. At least I can finally clear my conscience of Jane Eyre. I took my hand away, and, made my face turn rather from Jane; I made a remark that the night was warm. Again I went to regard Jane so icily, I felt at once that my opinion of Jane – my feeling towards her – were unchanged and unchangeable. I know by my stony eye – opaque to tenderness, indissoluble to tears – that I am resolved to consider Jane bad to the last; because to believe Jane good would give me no generous pleasure: only a sense of mortification. I had to think that Jane had a dreadful life away from Gateshead and that we are the best thing that has ever happened to her. Jane has only returned to see me swallow my pride and take a step back. She may have come to see Eliza and Georgiana but that is far from the truth. There is more to it. She is hiding something. She is not telling us what she wants. She has not told us where she has been these past several years but she only wants to know about us. I must keep Eliza and Georgiana away from Jane. Poison, she is. That rat has returned for herself. She is trying to keep her conscience clean, but is far from it. Her violent behaviour made her seem as though she is an animal. We do not tolerate animals in this household. She belongs under a rock. I have such a passionate hatred for Jane Eyre. Although this is now perhaps the time to forgive and forget as these are my last few moments with her. I shall engage in conversation with her for one last time before I leave this world and enter the next for I am surely going to Heaven as I have never sinned and am the model citizen. I opened my mouth. The dry crust around my mouth crumbled and dropped to the floor, my voice was crackly, my breathing thin and my mouth extremely dry for I could barely swallow my own saliva. My crackly voice came out, and there was a pin drop silence across Gateshead. Jane is trying to listen and etched closer towards me. Saliva crawled out of my mouth, almost as if it had more life than me. Jane screeched the chair across the wooden floor. I went to lash out at her, an uncontrollable fit. Eliza came into the room to control me. She pinned me down and forced water down my throat. Georgiana entered the room and stood on the side of my bed. She looked disgusted with me. Eliza had a firm look in her eye. She was upset with Georgiana. They began screaming at each other. They could not even look each other in the eye. How could I leave my family like this? They will be frowned upon by God and they will separate themselves from each other. My time is to surely be up within the next few days. If it is not the feud between my own daughters, Eliza and Georgiana, that killed me, it would be the fact that my husband’s favourite niece was sitting beside me, acting all innocent, not actually caring if I die or not. I had to get Eliza, Georgiana and Jane away from me. It is torture. The squabbling is driving me mad. The lamp faded as did the life within me. I am getting weaker. The flame is slowly dying out. I decided to drown out the sound of the women and began to think of John. Oh, if he is here right now, it would make me feel much better. He is the light in my life. The fabric of the family. And how this family has collapsed without him. I am now leaving this all behind. I shall meet my husband and begin my new life. How to cite Monologue for Aunt Reed on her deathbed, Papers

The Relationship Between the Experience of Directors and Company

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Between the Experience of Directors and Company. Answer: Introduction The topic of the paper is the relationship between the directors' experience and company profits. The literature review will attempt to find out what (if any) the existing literary sources say about the topic being investigated. However, as the literature review has been completed, it has been observed that there is no specific study which particularly explores the connection between the experience of directors and company profits (Gul Leung, 2004). As there is little literary information regarding this topic, the current literature review concentrates on finding out how the directors' experience influence the board of directors' activities, size, and composition affects the performance or profit of a company (Baysinger Butler, 1985). As all of these themes are associated with the director's experience and the subsequent company profits, it will help in establishing a solid base for the study. Literature Review The directors, as well as the managerial executives of a company, hold an imperative responsibility in current and modernized companies. The essential duty of the directors is to screen the administration for the investors' sake and in this manner, the directors exhort the administration and have the power to make choices or take decisions(Scherrer, 2003). This power incorporates setting the association's technique and official remuneration, designating the best administration and choosing new chiefs(Ferris, Jagannathan Pritchard, 2003). Since the governing body is vested with the duty of guaranteeing that the investors' cash is not squandered, investors should have a genuine enthusiasm for guaranteeing that the board is staffed with well taught and experienced executives(Keay, 2007).In this context, studies led by consultancy firms as often as possible suggest the hard and delicate individual profile variables of the directing executives to be essential for a company's productivity and subsequent profits. The individual factors incorporate work experience, the ability of critical thinking to manage problems, educational standard, respectability, efficiency as a leader or believability (Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler, 2001). Comparable reports suggest that the significance of ability, for example, money related, industry-specific or experience have an immense influence on a company's performance and profits (Executive Insight, 2010). It has been demonstrated that the oversight of specific characteristics, for example, professional ability and experience, may lead to issues while surveying the inclination of different profiles regarding a particular post or for making some critical decisions in problematic situations(Epps Ismail, 2009). The professional variables, for example, the place where the directors have gained their education and the extent of their professional experience might be more applicable than statistic traits in clarifying the level of performance and company profits(Solomon, 2010). The activity of the directors might be determined as per the experience gained by them. An experienced director will potentially use the lessons learnt in the past in order to take critical decisions regarding various complex issues (Bai, 2013). In this context, it is also important to see how the activity of the directors impacts a company's level of performance and its profits too. Vafeas (1999) has demonstrated that organizations with less frequent gatherings or discussion sessions of the directors show the most elevated cost to add value to the company and ensure profitability. The fundamental reason behind such outcome is that an excessive number of gatherings or discussion sessions are a flag of less effective and merely experienced directors who might face several problems regarding correspondence among themselves (Vafeas, 1999). This might be due to their lack of knowledge and experience on how to properly communicate an issue with less complexity and how to decide the action s individually when needed. The outcomes of the study support the past results yielded by Yermack (1996) who described that higher experience levels and efficiency to provide effective leadership might potentially influence the performance and profits of a company. Furthermore, the aspect of the directors' experience is closely related to the size of the boards. The companies would want to appoint experienced and efficient executives in order to not only make sure that board size is small but also to ensure that it performs better than the large boards consisting of less experienced directors (Alnaif, 2014). Consequently, the size of the board will also have an impact on the company value and profits. As indicated by Jensen (1993), the organizations that have larger than average board sizes seem to turn out to be less efficient and this issue directly impacts the company profits. It is clear that the inclusion of excessive members in the boards or any advisory group may decrease their exertion and offer ascent to a certain level of free-riding leading to reduced performance and productivity of the companies. A decreased level of productivity will definitely influence the company profits in a negative manner (Patterson, Warr West, 2004). In a similar way, Yermack (1996) has discovered that, for sure, having fewer members in the board upgrades an organization's execution and impacts decidedly the behavioural approach of the investors as well as the organizational esteem. Thus, the overall value and performance of the company are also affected. However, Adams and Mehran (2008) neglect to locate a negatively constructed impact of the extent of the boards for the execution of the companies when they conducted a study on the banks in the USA. The outcomes recommend that there is a positively identified connection amongst the size of the boards and organizational execution or benefits. Further secondary sources from ICAEW (2017) guidance pages suggest the accounting or financial nature owned by the directors not only further imly the general duties and responsibilities but also the good practice which is minimum requirement in further defining the organizational performance (profits) from time to time. There are different industries that have viewed the relationship, firstly Tufani and Sevick (1997) and Dann et al. (2003) highlights the funds return dependence to focus on relationship between expense ratios and boards of independent directors. Also, Brickley and Horn (2000) believed to have estimated relationship between hospital performance and CEO turnover based on samples for non-profits and profits hospitals such as there is positive yet strong relationship between the two variables. Research Question The research question can be further defined through aim illustrating that directors experience and influence effects the profits of the organization. To further elaborate it is to study whether the directors' experience indeed influences (negatively or positively) the company profits and its further implications. To strengthen the respective research aim, board of directors contributes to the organization significantly because of their legally mandated responsibilities. Also, they intervene in the business through venturing the interest of the firms shareholders, providing advice to the top management followed by using control mechanism by monitoeing of company and managerial performance (Zahra Pearce, 1989) . In this regard, the study will try to find an answer to the following research question: What is the relationship between directors experience and company profits of top 20 ASX companies? Research Plan The proposed research will be quantitative in nature. It will focus on only the secondary sources. This means that the proposed research will not focus on gathering data primarily from participants through surveys or interviews. Rather, it will focus on the existing data related to the topic being studied. The secondary sources will be the company-related financial and organizational information of the top 20 ASX listed companies. The required data will be gathered from the Central Queensland University library databases. In order to collect the data, the researcher will appropriately use some specific search terms as per the names of the listed companies. It would be ensured that all the collected information are relevant and up-to-date. The financial information will help in assessing the trends of profit or loss experienced by the companies. The financial data will be based on the annual reports published by the companies. On the other hand, the organizational data will help in fi nding out the experience level of the directors and if their experience has impacted the company profits. However, it will be ensured that the researcher does not twist or manipulate the gathered information. It is highly recommended that a researcher uses the collected data in its original form in order to avoid any kind of personal bias and enhance the reliability of the outcomes(O'Gorman, 2001). Therefore, it will be ensured that the researcher does not incorporate any personal bias into the research so that highest reliability and validity can be maintained. After the collection of data, a statistical analysis will be conducted with two variables namely (a) Director's Experience and (b) Company Profits. In this regard the SPSS software will be used. There are several software programmes that are available for doing the statistical analysis but SPSS is considered to be the most efficient tool to perform a comprehensive evaluation (Arkkelin, 2014). Therefore, the validity of the d ata analysis will be ensured. The statistical outcomes will help to assess the relationship between directors' experience and company profits, and how the directors' experience might potentially impact the profits. Thereafter, the formulated outcomes will be comprehensively evaluated with regards to the evidence collected from the secondary sources (journals, books, and other relevant documents). In this manner, the study will address and answer the research question through generating statistically significant results and linking them to the existing knowledge. Proposed Method of Analysis The data analysis will be done through the use of SPSS software. All the collected data will be categorized and operationalized in order to make sure that they are ready to be inserted in SPSS. The two variables will be: (a) Directors' experience, and (b) Company profits. The data will be associated with the top 20 ASX listed companies and the sample size will consist of the 20 companies as per their company profits in the last 1 year. A simple linear regression test will be conducted in order to find out the relationship between the two variables and how the variables might impact each other. The coefficient values, standard error values, t-values, confidence intervals, and p-value will be thoroughly assessed and properly interpreted in order to find out any statistically significant relationship between the variables. The formulated outcomes will also help to identify the limitations of the study. One potential limitation is that as the study will be purely based on the data collec ted from Australian organizations, the outcomes might not be applied to other settings of different countries because the organizational structures and culture would vary from one nation to the other. However, the results would help in developing a comprehensive understanding of how the directors' experience and company profits are associated with each other and what the companies should do to improve that connection in order extends the business. Conclusion It has been observed that although the literature review could not find any particular research which specifically focuses on exploring the connection between directors' experience and company profits, it has discussed the findings of the research works which concentrate on some significant aspects intricately connected to the topic being studied. Moreover, the directors' experience seems to be intricately associated with various organizational aspects which subsequently influence company profits. The proposed research will be quantitative in nature and the data will be collected from the annual reports of the top 20 ASX listed companies. The simple linear regression test via SPSS software will help to find out the relationship between the two variables. Thus, the proposed research will help the professionals to focus on the aspects which might contribute to the enhancement of company profits and the academic experts will understand how the directors' experience and company profits a re connected within the organizational sphere so that broader studies can be conducted. References Adams, R. Mehran, H. (2008). Corporate performance, board structure, and their determinants in the banking industry. Retrieved from https://poseidon01.ssrn.com Bai, G. (2013). How do board size and occupational background of directors influence social performance in for-profit and non-profit organizations? Evidence from California hospitals.Journal of Business Ethics,118(1), 171-187. Baysinger, B. D., Butler, H. N. (1985). Corporate governance and the board of directors: Performance effects of changes in board composition.Journal of Law, Economics, Organization,1(1), 101-124. Brickley, J. A., Van Horn, R. L. (2000). Incentives in nonprofit organizations: Evidence from hospitals. Del Guercio, D., Dann, L. Y., Partch, M. M. (2003). Governance and boards of directors in closed-end investment companies.Journal of Financial Economics,69(1), 111-152. Epps, R., Ismail, T. (2009).Board of directors' governance challenges and earnings management.Journal Of Accounting Organizational Change,5(3), 390-416. Executive Insight. (2010).More Public Company CEO Succession Practice Data; Spencer Stuart Releases 2010 Board Index Study..Executive Insight. Retrieved from https://executiveinsight.typepad.com/executive_insight/2010/11/more-public-company- ceo-succession-practice-data-spencer-stuart-releases-2010-board-index-study-.html Ferris, S., Jagannathan, M., Pritchard, A. (2003). Too busy to mind the business?: Monitoring by directors with multiple board appointments.The Journal of Finance,58(3), 1087- 1111. Financial and accounting duties and responsibilities of directors | Members in business | ICAEW. (2017).ICAEW. Retrieved 18 September 2017, from https://www.icaew.com/en/membership/regulations-standards-and-guidance/membership/financial-and-accounting-duties-of-directors Gul, F. A., Leung, S. (2004). Board leadership, outside directors expertise and voluntary corporate disclosures.Journal of Accounting and public Policy,23(5), 351-379. Jensen, M. (1993).The modern industrial revolution, exit, and the failure of internal control systems. The Journal of Finance, 48(3), 831880. Keay, A. (2007).Company directors' responsibilities to creditors. Abingdon, OXF: Routledge-Cavendish. Klynveld Peat Marwick and Goerdeler. (2001). Corporate Governance in Switzerland: Board of Directors - Interim responsibility and liability. Zrich, ZRH: KPMG Fides Management AG. Nsubuga, Y. K. (2009).Analysis of Leadership Styles and School Performance of Secondary Schools in Uganda. (Published doctoral thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, Uganda. O'Gorman, A. (2001). 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Nursing for Pre Early Save Program- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theNursing for Pre Early Save Program. Answer: A large metropolitan hospital introduced EARLY SAVE program to reflect best practice in early recognition and response to clinical deterioration. Pre Early Save Program- Code Blue process for life threatening emergencies Early Save Program- Education for clinical staff, more formalized Medical Emergency Team (MET) process and the introduction of an observation and escalation chart To analyze the effectiveness of the EARLY SAVE program in improving early recognition and response to clinical deterioration, the data regarding the MET calls in the pre and post period needs to be analyzed. Firstly, 160 MET calls were made in the pre period and 360 in the post period. This means that the recognition and response process became wider after the EARLY SAVE program. The positive benefits of high rate of MET calls in the post program period are evident from the % of patients who remained in wards. Earlier 20% remained in the wards and after the EARLY SAVE program, the proportion of patients remaining in the ward increased to 50%. This is a remarkable improvement signifying that burden of ICU team and resuscitation team reduced. The positive benefits of the EARLY SAVE program is also understood from the difference in % of patients transferred to ICU and death in patients. In the pre period, the % of transfers to ICU was 35% and it reduced to 20% in the post program period. Secondly, number of deaths was 25% in the pre period and 10% in the post period. The MET calls in the both the pre and post period was mainly called for seizure, worsening respiratory infection, acute respiratory distress, suspected cardiac pain and alterations in vital signs indicating clinical deterioration. However, the impact of EARLY SAVE program was that % of people affected by different clinical deterioration reduced in the post period except worsening respiratory infection. The main reason for improvement in clinical outcome in majority of condition was that education was given to staffs regarding responding to clinical deterioration and use of observation and escalation chart enhanced the possibility of taking prompt response to d eteriorating condition of patients. The research by Massey et al. (2017) has also proved that education and environmental factors enables health staffs to recognize and respond to patient deterioration. Specific clinical education and skills training enables staffs to quickly recognize and respond to patient deterioration. The hospital can use the data in the pre and post EARLY SAVE program to report against NSQHS standard 9: Recognizing and responding to clinical deterioration in health care in the following ways: They can show the data regarding difference in results in the % of patients transferred to ICU and death in the pre and post program to prove the benefits of MET calls in early recognition and clinical response. They can defend no increase in HDU outcome post program by stating that with improvement in burden of ICU units, the need for escalation of care of moving to HDU was minimized. They can show the efficacy of formalized MET process by the increase in the number of patients remaining in the ward and not shifting to the ICU or HDU units. The advantage of a formalized MET process is that it has direct role in preventing cardiac arrest and this is evident in the case scenario as data revealed that only 60 Code Blue calls for cardiac or respiratory arrest were made in the post period compare to 140 in the pre period. The potential benefits of MET is appreciated by most hospitals and their staffs. Resuscitation is an emergency clinical procedure to support and maintain breathing in a patient experiencing respiratory arrest or cardiac arrest. The main purpose of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to restore normal breathing and circulation in critically ill patient and maintain normal blood flow and oxygen to the heart, brain and other vital organs. As it is an invasive procedure, the norm is to escort family members out of the room due to fear of immediate and long term negative consequences for family members (Hill and Fuhrman 2008). However, this essay mainly supports the fact that family members should be allowed during the resuscitation of their loved ones in acute care setting. The essay presents appropriate discussion to prove the benefits of family presence in terms of psychological outcomes and avoiding conflicts and violence in acute health care setting. The main rational to keep family members away during several attempts of resuscitation is that family member becomes exposed to high risk of emotional and physical sufferings during the procedure (Zavotsky et al. 2014). However, a contrasting evidence to support the presence of family members explains that they understand that the medical team took all possible steps to bring patients back to life and the complains regarding negligence in the event of death of their family members is reduced. In another way, it can be said that family members often have unrealistic expectations or suspicion about the behind the door resuscitation efforts and all doubts regarding the efforts put by the medical team may be made clear if family members are present during resuscitation efforts (Jabre et al. 2013). One barrier to allowing this new practice in resuscitation is that hospital staffs may not accept this new practice due to increase in emotional stress during the procedure. However, a study do ne to assess the attitude of heath care professional working in Yale New Haven revealed that majority of staffs favored the option of family presence if any staff accompanies the family member to control their action during the procedure (Lederman and Wacht 2014). Hence, if this new procedure needs to be fully implemented in acute care setting, there is a need to work on drafting and implementing a protocol to follow while allowing family presence during resuscitation. Another advantage of family presence during the resuscitation procedure is that patients relative can provide emotional support to patient and help them accept the reality of death. In case of death of patient, family members get the chance to be bid final goodbye to their loved ones and this can reduce suffering caused in the bereavement process. Pathological conditions like mourning or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be minimized in family members by allowing them in the resuscitation. A randomized controlled trial with family members of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation revealed that giving family members the option of witnessing resuscitation efforts significantly reduced the incidence of PTSD compared to standard procedure without family presence. Family members present were also associated with positive psychological outcome (Jabre et al. 2013). Family presence during resuscitation is a debatable topic in health care. However, many recent evidence has pointed out to positive psychological outcomes for family members. While Jabre et al. (2013) pointed out to the impact of family presence in CPR in improving clinical indicator of PTSD, Tazarourte et al. (2014) explained that it reduced complicated grieving in family members after the death of their loved ones during the procedure. One research evidence in particularly is of great importance to develop the argument as it aimed to explore the experiences of those people who were present during a family members resuscitation. It helped to get direct insights about subjective factors that play a role in influencing psychiatric morbidity in family members. The study finding summarized about the theme of being actively involved in the resuscitation process, communication between the family member and the emergency team, perception of the reality of death, experience and reaction of witnessing the the resuscitation. As this argument is mainly focused on the reaction of relative to witnessing resuscitation, the study revealed feeling of relief and being satisfied with the action of the medical team. However, some family members were also affected by the aggressive technique and had a negative memory of viewing the CPR (De Stefano et al. 2016). Therefore, the main conclusion from the study is that positive effect in grieving has been found by offering patients family the choice of witnessing the resuscitation procedure. The above evidence mainly paid attention to the view of family members and health care professionals in allowing patients relative to be present during the resuscitation process. However, one point that is missing is the perception of patients regarding the family presence during the invasive resuscitation procedure. Twibell et al. (2015) mainly paid attention to exploring adult inpatients view of family presence during resuscitation and it mainly revealed that maximum participants favored family presence, however the preference varied across patients according to the nature of family relationship and patients response. This research gave new insight that patients should be involved in deciding whether they would prefer family members presence during the procedure or not. Based on different arguments with support from peer-reviewed research articles, the main conclusion from the essay is that family presence should be allowed during resuscitation considering the positive effect in psychological outcomes, expectations and ethical conflict. To fully implement this option for patients, the future implication for health practice is to establish a full protocol for implementing family presence option in CPR and involving patients in decision making related to family presence. Reference De Stefano, C., Normand, D., Jabre, P., Azoulay, E., Kentish-Barnes, N., Lapostolle, F., Baubet, T., Reuter, P.G., Javaud, N., Borron, S.W. and Vicaut, E., 2016. Family presence during resuscitation: a qualitative analysis from a national multicenter randomized clinical trial.PloS one,11(6), p.e0156100. Hill Jr, R. and Fuhrman, C., 2008. Presence of family members during resuscitation.Annals of emergency medicine,52(3), pp.309-310. Jabre, P., Belpomme, V., Azoulay, E., Jacob, L., Bertrand, L., Lapostolle, F., Tazarourte, K., Bouilleau, G., Pinaud, V., Broche, C. and Normand, D., 2013. Family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.New England Journal of Medicine,368(11), pp.1008-1018. Lederman, Z. and Wacht, O., 2014. Family presence during resuscitation: attitudes of Yale-New Haven hospital staff.The Yale journal of biology and medicine,87(1), p.63. Massey, D., Chaboyer, W. and Anderson, V., 2017. What factors influence ward nurses recognition of and response to patient deterioration? An integrative review of the literature.Nursing open,4(1), pp.6-23. Tazarourte, K., Jabre, P., Azoulay, E., Borron, S.W., Belpomme, V., Jacob, L., Bertrand, L., Lapostolle, F., Combes, X., Galinski, M. and Pinaud, V., 2014. Offering the opportunity for family to be present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: 1-year assessment.Intensive care medicine,40(7), pp.981-987. Twibell, R.S., Craig, S., Siela, D., Simmonds, S. and Thomas, C., 2015. Being there: inpatients perceptions of family presence during resuscitation and invasive cardiac procedures.American Journal of Critical Care,24(6), pp.e108-e115. Zavotsky, K.E., McCoy, J., Bell, G., Haussman, K., Joiner, J., Marcoux, K.K., Magarelli, K., Mahoney, K., Maldonado, L., Mastro, K.A. and Milloria, A., 2014. Resuscitation team perceptions of family presence during CPR.Advanced emergency nursing journal,36(4), pp.325-334.